Every October, the IRS comes out with the annual retirement plan limits. Some of these limits provide in part; the maximum individual contribution to Solo 401k, 401(k), 403(b) or 457 plans; the maximum compensation taken into consideration for retirement plan allocations and deductions; and the social security limits. Investment representatives and retirement service providers will be hailing the new limits as an opportunity for employees to save more money in their retirement plans on a tax deferred basis.

Following that advice may be a mistake for highly paid employees and could cost their employer additional fees. Following the advice, highly compensated employees, with higher discretionary income levels, would increase their contributions. The non-highly compensated employees, with little discretionary income, will maintain their contributions at the current levels.

The net result is a failed Average Deferral Percentage test with the subsequent refunds to the highly compensated and additional employer fees. Instead of touting the new plan contribution limits alone, investment representatives need to include the? afe Harbor?plan design benefits with them. Adopting a safe-harbor 401(k) plan design permits an employer to avoid discrimination testing of the rates of employee elective de?errals and/or employer matching contributions (ADP / ACP test?ng).

The benefit for avoiding testing is maximized contributions for the highly compensated. Generally, there are two types of safe-harbor designs. One type is the safe-harbor non-elective design of 3% of compensation. Generally, a 3% contribution is provided to all employees eligible to make elective deferrals to the plan.

The guaranteed contribution requires that a 3% employer contribution be made each plan year, unless the employer amends the plan and removes the provision before the start of the new plan year. The 3% is 100% employee vested. The other type of safe-harbor design is a matching contribu?ion. There are two options from which to choose, the basic or the enhanced match.

The basic safe-harbor matching contribution is defined as a 100% match on the first 3% deferred and a 50% match on deferrals be?ween 3% and 5%. Alternatively, the employer may choose an enhanced match?ng formula equal to at least the amount of the basic match; for example, 100% of the first 4% deferred.

Safe-harbor 401(k) plan provisions may not be added to an exist?ng 401(k) plan in the middle of a plan year.

Instead, the plan must be timely amended to add the safe-harbor 401(k) provi?ions for the next plan year. In an exception to the timing requirements for giving the safe? arbor notice, a new 401(k) may adopt a safe-harbor design at the same time that the plan is established, assuming the notice is provided simultaneously.

There must be at least 3 months remaining in the plan year to make elective deferrals for a plan to use this provision. An existing profit-sharing plan that is amended to add a 401(k) feature is eligible to use this rule. Further, a totally new business entity establishing a new 401 (k) plan may have as short as a one-month initial plan year (assuming that the initial year is then followed by the normal 12 month year).

The sponsor of a plan using a guaranteed 3% must make that contribution regardless of its subsequent financial condition during that plan year. However, an employer may stop mak?ng safe-harbor matching contributions by providing a notice to the employees. This notice must be given at least 30 days before the contributions are to be stopped. If an employer stops safe-harbor matching contributions before the plan year is completed, the ADP and ACP tests must be preformed for the entire plan year.

Investment representatives hooking the annual plan limits with a? afe Harbor?plan design will end up providing their clients with three benefits-higher contribution levels for the highly compensated, no ADP/ACP testing issues, and satisfaction of any top heavy issues. - That? a triple play.

Lawrence Groves is the Director of Small Business Retirement Services for the Retirement Group with the Solo 401k and the special 401(k)? ree for Three??administration programs at http://www. solo-k. comLawrence comes to his clients with over 25 years as an experienced expert in plan design, administration, and compliance. Lawrence works closely with for profit, non-profit, and government agencies on 401(k), 403(b), 457, Profit Sharing, and Puerto Rican 165(e) small business plans.

Lawrence can be reached at Lawrence@solo-k. com or 727. 844. 7000

Author:
Lawrence Groves